Alopecia Areata

What is Alopecia Areata? 

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition that causes hair loss on the scalp and sometimes other areas of the body. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks our own hair follicles, leading to loss of hair.

What causes Alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder. The destruction of the hair follicle is not permanent, leading to a non scarring alopecia. Therefore, there is always a potential for regrowth. 

Genetic factors, stress, and other environmental triggers may contribute to its development. 

It can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in individuals with a family history of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) can be commonly associated with alopecia areata.

What are the symptoms of alopecia areata?

• Sudden hair loss in small, round patches on the scalp or body
• Smooth, bald skin where hair has fallen out
• In some cases, changes in the nails (ridges or pitting)
• No pain or itching in most cases

How is alopecia areata diagnosed?

Alopecia Areata is diagnosed based on a physical examination, dermoscopy and medical history. In some cases, a scalp biopsy or blood tests may be performed to rule out other conditions.

What is the treatment for Alopecia areata?

Most times (80-90%) , hair regrowth occurs spontaneously. Reassurance is all that is required. In others, treatment becomes essential.

Topical Treatments: Corticosteroid creams, minoxidil, or immunotherapy solutions

• Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the affected areas
• Oral Medications: Immunomodulating drugs like the apremilast, tofacitinib (in severe cases)
• Light Therapy: Phototherapy using ultraviolet (UV) light
• Wigs or Hairpieces: Cosmetic options for those with extensive hair loss