Sebaceous cyst removal

What is sebaceous Cyst ?

Sebaceous cyst is a slow-growing, painless, round movable lump that forms beneath the skin due to a blocked sebaceous gland (oil secreting gland). The secretions of the gland get collected and it gets filled with keratin, sebum (oil), and dead skin cells which are collected as white to yellow cheesy material.

A small black dot may be seen in the centre (punctum) indicating the blocked sebaceous gland. While usually harmless, it can become red, swollen, or infected.

Where does it occur ?

It can occur anywhere on the body where oil secreting glands are predominant. Commonly involves the scalp, face, neck, back, chest, genital area.

What causes Sebaceous Cysts?

• Blocked sebaceous glands – Due to excess oil, dead skin, or debris.
• Skin injury or trauma – Cuts, surgical wounds, or skin abrasions can cause damage to sebaceous glands, leading to blockage and cyst development.
• Chronic friction (e.g., from tight clothing or shaving) can also trigger cyst formation.
• Hormonal changes – Increased sebum production due to hormonal fluctuations (e.g., during puberty or pregnancy) may contribute to cyst formation.
• Acne-prone skin – When a hair follicle is damaged or inflamed (such as in acne or folliculitis), it can trap oil and debris, forming a cyst.

What’s the treatment of Sebaceous Cyst ?

For small non infected cysts, warm compression may be helpful to soften the cyst and promote Drainage.

Surgical

For infected cysts with acute pain and pus point, the cyst can be cut open to drain the contents.

This gives immediate relief but there is a chance of recurrence as the cyst wall is intact inside.

Complete cyst excision with the entire sac and its contents will give a permanent solution. It’s a safe and simple procedure with a good success rate and it heals with almost no scarring. This is done when the cyst is not infected.