Psoriasis

What is Psoriasis ?

Psoriasis is a disorder of immune cells called the ‘T cells’ of the body leading to inflammation and increased skin cell multiplication. This classically presents as red patches on the skin with silvery white scales.

What are the types of Psoriasis ?

Types are mainly classified based on the body part involved

• Palmoplantar – limited to palms and soles,
• Extensors – knees and elbows,
• Scalp psoriasis – flaking of scalp and inside the ears or,
• Generalised – present as patches on large areas the body.

What are the causes of Psoriasis?

Immune System Malfunction (Autoimmune Response)

Genetics (Family History / Novel mutations)

There are certain triggers / aggravating factors of the diseases

Certain Infections, Stress – both physical and mental, drugs such as beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials, Smoking and Alcohol, Obesity , fatty liver and poor lifestyle pattern.

What are the symptoms of Psoriasis ?

• Red Patches with silvery scales are characteristic lesions of psoriasis. They can be itchy and cause burning sensation. Pus collection in the affected skin can also occur.
• Nails involvement – nail pits, nail breakage etc,.
• Bones and joints can be affected in 20 % of psoriatic patients. This can be very troublesome to the patient.

What are the complications of Psoriasis?

• Increased chances of depression and increased smoking and alcohol consumption.
• Chronic inflammation in the body can lead to anemia, protein loss etc.
• Joint involvement can be painful and lead to permanent deformity.
• They are more prone to metabolic problems such as fatty liver, aberrant cholesterol levels, atherosclerotic heart problems etc,.
• Improper native medication intake can lead to liver or multiple organ damage.

What are the treatment options for Psoriasis?

• Topicals moisturisers, creams and ointments that decrease the immune activity in the localised patches.
• Phototherapy – UVA, UVB and excimer lamp therapy
• Supplements such as Vitamin D, antioxidants, omega 3 Fatty acids etc,.
• Immunomodulating drugs such as Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Apremilast, Acitretin etc. The choice of drug depends on various factors such as the age, gender, reproductive status, general wellbeing, lifestyle factors and so on.
• Joint involvement needs aggressive treatment to prevent permanent deformities.
• Picture of pre and post

While psoriasis itself is not fatal and does not typically shorten lifespan, the associated risks – such as heart disease, diabetes, and mental health challenges – can potentially affect long-term health.

The key to managing these risks is proper treatment of psoriasis, regular monitoring for other health conditions, and adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes managing stress, staying active, and eating a balanced diet.